Essay on The Genocides of the 20th Century - 1517 Words

The genocides of the 20th century which occurred in Rwanda and Germany had striking similarities, something that should have alerted the world to stop them. At the core of these two massacres, patterns existed that outlined how similar thinking and reasoning could lead to something as horrible as these two events. One can see how both groups used their command of knowledge as a way to control the people, how the rest of the world refused to step up to stop the killings, and how the people were thought of as less than humans to provide a just cause for such terrible acts. In both cases of genocide, the killings were done as a way to ‘cleanse’ the population; they both resulted from a political power rising up and wishing to kill off†¦show more content†¦Stopping this flow of information differs; in Rwanda a simple radio jammer could have been used, but in Nazi Germany the press was under complete control of the Nazi Party. In each case, however, the world ref used to step up and try to stop the evils. The idea that other races were sub-human allowed the political parties to convince common people that the mass killing of these groups would be beneficial to the state itself. Both genocides relied on rallying people against other races, people groups, or tribes. People would only be okay with and support mass killings if they believed the victims were not the same as them, if their humanity had been taken from them. Political groups could only do this through controlling the flow of knowledge which reached the citizens. This persuasive control of knowledge and press to achieve a goal is known as propaganda. â€Å"Propaganda is the art of persuasion - persuading others that your side of the story is correct. Propaganda might take the form of persuading others that your military might is too great to be challenged; that your political might within a nation is too great or popular to challenge etc.† The Hutus were limited in their abilities to spread propaganda, but also needed it less; hatred already existed between the Hutus and Tutsis. The major form of propaganda for the Hutus was a Radio Rwanda and Radio Tà ©là ©vision des Milles Collines. Lieutenant-General Romà ©o Dallaire, the UN commander inShow MoreRelatedHuman Rights Are The Rights One Is Entitled To Based On1232 Words   |  5 Pageslaw. The most significant of these laws and documents emerged after the 20th century, due to the atrocities that occurred during that time - war, genocide, expulsion, and mass sterilization – and in particular, focused on the rights of women and racial minorities. While the right s of sexual minorities were also impacted, this essay will only examine the rights of women and racial minorities in the context of the main 20th century horrors because they were the two groups most affected by these horrorsRead MoreThe Armenian Genocide And The Ukrainian Genocide1225 Words   |  5 Pagesto repeat itself. Genocides have been committed throughout history, even before the term was assembled in 1944 and accepted by the United Nations in 1946 as a crime under international law. According to the United Nations, genocide is defined as â€Å"intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group.† A minimum of twenty-seven genocides have been documented across the world. During the 20th century, the Armenian Genocide and the Ukrainian genocide (Holodomor) transpiredRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide1188 Words   |  5 PagesRwandan Genocide The Rwandan Genocide began on April 6, 1994 and lasted for about 100 days (History). 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In misusing social Darwinism, Hitler applied the principles of survival of the fittest to humans, which was interpreted as requiring racial purity and killing offRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide899 Words   |  4 Pageshold within them the lessons and wisdom that should be used to prevent similar disasters. The 1994 Rwandan genocide resulted in over 800, 000 deaths of the Tutsi people, at the hands of the Hutu; the genocide, and the international response to it, is a lesson about the humanitarian responsibilities, successes, and shortcomings of the United Nations. The events leading up to the Rwandan genocide began decades earlier. There has been a long history of â€Å"ethnic† tensions, though it is really a matter ofRead MoreHistory And Events That Happened During The Colonization Of Africa Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesare largely significant to historians and the people of Africa, such as the first genocide of the 20th century, committed by the German powers in now what is modern day Namibia, against the Herero people. This report will discuss and go through some events that happened during the colonization, a brief history of the colonization of Africa and a description on the events that occurred during the Herero/Nama genocide in 1904. European colonization begun in Africa in the late 1800s-early 1900s. HistoriansRead MoreHumanity: A Moral History of the 20th Century by Jonathan Glover1325 Words   |  6 PagesAs most people would agree, the 20th century contained some of the bloodiest and most gruesome events ever recorded in history. Why do words such as Hiroshima, Rwanda, The Final Solution, A Great Leap Forward, The Great Purge and so many more spark such vivid images of blood, torture and murder in our minds? And despite those horrific images, what is it that causes us humans time and time again to commit such crimes against humanity? Those are the kinds of questions Jonathan Glover, a criticallyRead MoreKhmer Rouge And Pol Pot Downfall1485 Words   |  6 Pagesfailure is what inevitably led to the cause of the Cambodian Genocide. Pol Pot is responsible for the deaths of 1.5 million Cambodians during his reign between 1975-1979. Pol Pot, a man who valued Mao’s Chinese communist way of living, saw the cities as the heart of capitalism and therefore it had to be eliminated (â€Å"The Khmer Rouge and Pol Pot Regime†). With the help of the Khmer Rouge guerrilla Army, the survivors of the Cambodian Genocide are left to deal with their traumatic past and seek hope forRead MoreThe Holocaust : The Destruction Of The Jews1717 Words   |  7 PagesThe Holocaust is by far the worst genocide ever committed, with between 5 and 6 million Jews murdered; along with countless other minorities the Germans deemed inferior (The Holocaust Chronicle Appendices). The Holocaust began with the boycott of Jewish businesses, and ended in camps such as Auschwitz. The destruction of the Jews was made possibly with the rise of Adolf Hitler to power, as he and his fellow Nazi followers attempted to exterminate the Jewish populace of Europe. In the paragraphs toRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1485 Words   |  6 Pagesat the horrors of the 20th century that affected Western Liberal Society and the emergence of Human rights in countries. Human rights in western liberal world consisted rights of woman, racialized minorities and sexual minorities after the unfortunate events of the 20th century such as war, genocide, expulsion and mass sterilization. Us Canadians shall be grateful to have the fundamental human rights that are enforced by our country’s supreme court strictly. The 20th century, without question, witnessed

A Review On The Minds Of Ceo - 1112 Words

Straight from the CEO A Review of the Literature The minds of CEO s are, in aggregate, a tremendous center of power in society. Upon these minds - how they tick, how they prioritize, how they view the vectors of change depends on the transmission of know-how, technology, capital, and jobs. In addition, as globalization increases, the socioeconomic impact of their thoughts becomes all the greater . This provides a broad cross sample of the global CEO population. Insightful interviews have been collected, which contain lessons from both the brawny companies that have been forced to reinvent themselves, as well as from some of the brainy upstarts that needed to be rather unconventional to gain access to the global playing field. CEO s of top world corporations tell how they handle globalization, customer service, motivation, leadership and other management issues. Gone is the day of the stern looking, tight lipped, antisocial dark suit who sits positioned in the large corner office secured by twelve foot walnut doors with gold handles. Today s workers demand involvement and interaction from upper management, no longer do the babyboomers see fit to have P and L figures discussed between upper management only. In order to be a successful CEO in today s society you must be able to demonstrate an understanding of the dynamics of value enhancement, to be aware of opportunities and to exploit them. The future and success of the company depends on how you view the companyShow MoreRelatedCase Study728 Words   |  3 PagesWeek 2 Paper (Case Study) HCS615/Dr. Cheryl Chance Jacque Hartnett 1. Why was the CEO going ahead with the dismissal when he did? The CEO probably felt this was his only opportunity to get rid of Dr. Dulac before the chairman came back from vacation. Just because the chairman was friends with Dr. Dulac and also a patient of his, the chairman should have put that asideRead MoreThe Case Of William Potter988 Words   |  4 Pages Many workers are presented with ethical dilemmas every single day. In the case of William Potter, a conflict of interest arose as he thought about promoting his son, Henry, to CEO of the family company. Knowing he could not make an objective decision, he went to a loyal, trusted employee, Jill, to do an objective review of Henry for him. This then put Jill in an ethical dilemma of her own. Though she knows that Henry is doing a great job in his current position in Miami, she also experienced himRead MoreChange Management. Student Name. Institution Of Affiliation.1025 Words   |  5 PagesManagement is a basic key under taking in any association. However, pioneers are the ones considered in charge of the plan and usage of progress. In the most recent decade, measurements show that just about 80% of progress ventures do not succeed. Past reviews likewise affirm that goals of most change activities are not achieved. In specific cases, the change tasks are finished after the set due dates, consequently, not profiting the objective subjects. In John Kotter s article, Why Transformation EffortsRead MoreLeaders and Leaderships1577 Words   |  7 Pages(BBC 2007). In 2004, Mr. Rollins took over the CEO position from the company’s founder, Michael Dell. This transition allowed Mr. Rollins to take over the day-to-day business operations, take on new responsibilities, and develop the opportunity to grow as a leader. Mr. Rollins utilizes transformational leadership and focuses on his own continuous improvement, direct communication with his subordinates, and taking responsibility for his actions as C EO. Elements of Leadership FromRead MoreEthical And Legal Environment Of Organizations1031 Words   |  5 Pagesyears CEO’s have been making larger salaries in compression to the employees that work for the company. How the salaries are decided can be one of two ways. Either by how much money the company brings and gives to the shareholders or by how well the CEO runs the company. The question becomes which was is not only morally but also ethically right. CEO’s will do whatever is necessary to make more to please the shareholders and give the shareholders fast money quickly? By doing this the CEO’s or executivesRead MoreSynnex Corporation Is Directed By Chief Executive Officer Kevin Murai Essay860 Words   |  4 Pagesresources and technology solutions. With wide investments, innovation and solution-based products, we increase shareholder and corporate value to all stakeholders. Synnex’s mission statement states that they keep all parties related to the business in mind wh en using their innovating ideas and solution-based problems to create value for all parties involved in the business. [definitely need to redo this part] Ethics are very important when operating a business, on Synnex’s website under their guidingRead MoreExternal And Internal Forces For Change Within The Company1557 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation technology CEO, Vincet Nayar first eternally seen the company required a changed. The company was growing slower than their competitor’s. Market shares and Mind shares were dropping. The internal factors of losing shares had the CEO to visit each subsidiary of the company and he spoke with the customers. The external observation of the customer s speaking highly favorable of their employees assisted with the internal changes the CEO was willing to change. The CEO realized the companyRead MoreLeadership Decision Making. Leaders Will Undeniably Be1147 Words   |  5 Pagesdecision-making approach for the case study listed below and speaks to the importance of choosing the right approach. Case Study This case study consist of the CEO of Devise Products Unlimited (DPU) wants to implement a new philosophy within the organization, which is the fish philosophy. He has recently asked his management staff to review the book and rollout to their division; however, Thomas did not provide any direction on how this should be done as he left this up to his management staff. OnceRead MoreWhat Is Performance Management?1203 Words   |  5 Pagesthe mission, vision and values of an organisation, a strategy document is developed. In this document processes and systems are put in place to ensure that the company is on track. Every so often, usually annually, a review of the company’s performance is taken into account. This review encapsulates the performance of systems and the people operating within the systems. Performance management is a process by which organisations align their resources, systems and employees to strategic objectives andRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of The U.s. Auto Industry1295 Words   |  6 Pagesaround and as soon as possible. With the passage of time, there is detailed analysis available for researching the complexities surrounding the bankruptcy and government bailout of General Motors. Summary of Findings I had two prevailing questions on my mind when I began my research. The first: what historical conditions existed at GM that contributed to bankruptcy and the need for a bailout? The second: how was the bailout was structured and what requirements were placed on GM? Research on the historical

Coursework on Business Law Free Essays

The correct citation of The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 is Public Law No. 109-8, 119. It became fully effective last October 17, 2005. We will write a custom essay sample on Coursework on Business Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now The law implements the new â€Å"means test† to determine whether a debtor is eligible for liquidation which is found in chapter 7 or must file under wage-earner repayment plan found in chapter 13. In order to protect the interests of employees and for reasons of public interest, the law also set supervising random audits and targeted audits to determine whether a liquidation and debtor’s bankruptcy documents are accurate (The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005, 2009, p. 1). It is true that businesses sometimes use bankruptcy as a means to address labor issues which includes reformed contract with the union. The same is true with the case of United Airline Company when it had merger proceedings with US Airways, wherein several union members complained. The labor union is composed of the United Flight Attendants wherein its members fought for about 29 days to bring up the pilot’s contract dispute (AFA Announces United Flight Attendants Elect Militant Leadership, 2008, p. 1). The contract being fought for becomes successful due to the efforts of union members. Mr. Gardner violated the law. The notice of garnishment on the wages of Clarence Ellis has nothing to do with his job in the company. It was a legal process wherein any person or entity with whom Mr. Ellis was indebted, may take his wages or money in the bank as payment. However, it was not related to the job of Mr. Ellis as laborer and carpenter. Hence, the grounds for firing him such as alcoholism, poor job performance, insubordination, and dishonesty being used by Mr. Gardner are not applicable. Therefore, Mr. Gardner’s act of firing Mr. Ellis is baseless. References CBS Interactive Inc. 4 April 2008. AFA Announces United Flight Attendants Elect MilitantLeadership. Retrieved July 1, 2009, from http://findarticles. com/p/ articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2008_April_4/ai_n25126630/? tag=content-inner;col. U. S. Trustee Program/Dept. Of Justice. 2009. Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Consumer Protection Act of 2005. Retrieved July 1, 2009, from http://www. usdoj. gov/ust/eo/bapcpa/index. htm. How to cite Coursework on Business Law, Papers

Financial Analysis Cambridge University -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Financial Analysis Cambridge University? Answer: Introduction In the modern world, each and every company that operates in the economy has the main aim of earning the maximum amount of profit from the market. The maintenance and the recording of the profit is possible by taking help of the mechanism of financial analysis. The financial analysis is helpful for the construction of the budget and the financial statement that is essential for the organization in expanding their business and maintaining competitive edge (Vogel 2014). The meaning of financial analysis is to assess the businesses projects, budgets and other financial data given out by the entity to ascertain the performance of the entity. Basically, it is done in order to explain on the on the liquidity of the firm, profitability and stability. In order to undertake comprehensive financial analysis, the organization requires to examine the income statement, balance sheet and the cash flow statement (Jensen 2013). In this statement, this paper would be explaining the financial analysis of the departmental income with respect to a hotel. In the next segment of the paper, an examination of the current pattern and the performance of the hotel and the data that is necessary in order to take an in-depth financial analysis and the steps that are needed by the management to enhance the overall functioning of the hotel. In the current case study, it is seen that the performance of the hotel is very weak. There is a huge difference in the budgeted sales of the hotel and the actual sales of the hotel. The beverage section and the food section sales are very low as anticipated. It is due to this factor that the hotel has been facing losses and on the other hand the management expenditure and the maintenance cost that is incurred day to day is higher in comparison to the budget. Therefore, the management of the hotel requires to have an effective balance among the expenditure and sales. Assessment of the current scenario The overall performance of company is very weak. By considering the income statement from 9th October 2016 - 5th November 2016 there has been a huge difference between the expectation and reality. The Budgeted Net Operating Profit of the hotel requires to be 201550 but in reality the hotel incurred a loss of -8880. Hence, there are lots of things that need to be improved and it can be explained in an effective manner. By looking at the revenue section, expected revenue was 838150 and in reality the hotel earned 664910. The maximum variance occurred has been due to food. The expected was 4392520 and actual earning was 332090 and then the big difference is in the variance beverages section. By observing the cost of goods sold, the budgeted cost of goods sold was 258700 and on the other hand the actual was 198300. The hotel saved a maximum cost in food that is -44650. Then by considering the gross profit data, the budgeted gross profit was 579450 and in actual the hotel earned 466610. T herefore there exists a difference of 112840. While discussing about the direct cost it is seen that the direct costs increases due other random direct cost. The budget for the other direct cost was 41360 which raised to 85270. Hence, the gross operating income incurred was 209120 and the budgeted income was 366120. There has been a huge difference of 157000. The maximum difference incurred was due to the rise in other direct costs. Thereafter, it is seen that the general expense was expected to be 111580 which raised to 166710. The hotel spends too much on administration cost and day to day maintenance costs. The overall administration cost that has been incurred by the hotel was 166710 and budgeted amount was 111580. Due to all the factors that have been explained above, it is seen that the hotel earned an operating loss of -8800 and expected profit was 201550. Therefore, there was a huge downfall in the performance of the hotel. By considering the cumulative budget it is seen that performance of the hotel is not only poor in the current time period but the overall performance of the company was very disappointing. There is a huge gap between the reality and the expectation. The expected net profit is 1963430 however the hotel earned a loss of -26800. The main factor for this has been due to the sale of food and beverages. Food, beverage and rooms are the major sources of revenue and the performance of food and beverage is not effective (Kou, Peng and Wang 2014). It is essential that the hotel should improve and develop the food quality and should concentrate on establishing an improved environment in order to attract existing and prospective customers and thereby should undertake effective marketing in order to promote and advertise the restaurant. Quantification and discussion of significant variances In this matter, this paper would explain the various significant variances are as follows: The main variance in revenue section has been the beverages and food; Particulars 2016 Cumulative Beverage -446200 Food -160430 -1750430 In cost of goods sold: Beverage -19500 -185740 Food -44650 -435790 In gross profit: Beverage -31650 -260460 Food -11570 -1314640 Direct Cost Other direct cost -43910 -362520 General expenses Administration -34380 Day to day maintenance cost -11640 -92220 Additional information required Financial analysis refers to the evaluation of the financial statements in order to ascertain the performance of the hotel. There are these 3 main mechanism with the help of which the financial statements are assessed. They have been explained below: Ratio analysis DuPont analysis Common size financial statements It is seen that ratio analysis has been found to be the most important financial analysis tool out of the three that has been named above. Financial analysis is undertaken in order to undertake a comparison and valuation of the hotel. Financial statements are utilized by different persons in various manner (Schmidt and Hunter 2014). For instance, top level management will use financial statements for the purpose of decision making thereby improving performance of the hotel and on the other hand the investor will use to undertake investment decision and the auditor will use financial statement to make sure that the statements are fair and true. Therefore, financial analysis is a very crucial exercise for any company to operate successfully. Ratio analysis: In order to draw significant insight into the financial statements, the ratio analysis is an important tool. The balance sheet and financial statement are a part of the financial statements. This assesses the financial statements by dividing certain number and figures to construct the ratios. The computation of the ratio is significant as one cannot draw conclusions by observing the financial statements (Hans et al. 2014). The ratio analysis enhances the usability of financial statement. The income statement explains the amount of net profit the hotel can earn but to evaluate whether it is sufficient or not would be judged by computing the ratio (Ott and Longnecker 2015). For instance, the net profit margin: net profit/sales is this ratio is compared to the industry ratio and in this manner a conclusion about the performance of the hotel can be understood. Profitability Ratios The main concern of the hotel has been to earn and to judge whether hotel has been able to make sufficient profit and one needs to calculate profitability ratio. There are two kinds of profitability ratios namely: Profit margins: It is done to compare profitability at various stages by taking help of the gross profit and net profit margins. Rate of return ratios: These ratios include return on assets, return on equity, earning power etc. Liquidity Ratios These ratios are calculated to in order to assess the liquidity position of the hotel. Liquidity explains that the hotel has been able able to meet their obligations on time (Glasserman 2013). For any firm or entity, it is very important to have sound liquidity or else the entity might face trouble. Liquidity ratios are namely: Current ratio Acid test ratio Quick ratio Cash ratio Capital Structure Ratios / Leverage Ratios The leverage means the firm is making use of their debt in its capital structure. For any firm it is difficult to function the business without debt. There are two kinds of liquidity ratio: Capital structure ratio: These ratios are used to calculate the risk of the company for bankruptcy. these ratios include: Debt equity ratio Debt asset ratio Coverage ratios: This ratio determines the capacity of the company to meet its future debt obligations on time. These ratios are: Interest coverage ratio Fixed coverage ratio Debt service coverage ratio Activity / Efficiency / Turnover Ratios These are even known as the asset management ratio or efficiency ratio. A company is having assets in order to generate sales. Therefore, this ratio determines the amount of asset utilization to convert or generate sales. These ratios are: Inventory turnover Average collection period Receivables turnover Fixed assets turnover Total asset turnover Growth Ratios These ratio calculates the growth of the firm. The fixed asset investment, retention ratio and profit margins and the factors that aids the firm to grow and develop (Abrahamsson et al. 2017). It is said that company will experience better growth if external financing is used. Valuation Ratios The valuation ratios are used to compute the market price of the hotel. These ratios are: Earnings ratio, Dividend yield DuPont Analysis DuPont analysis is a process of measurement of the performance that was incorporated by DuPont Corporation in the year 1920. With the help of this process, the assets are computed at their gross book value and not in their net book value in order to produce an increased return on equity. It has been known as DuPont identity (Isard et al. 2017). With respect to the DuPont analysis, it is seen that the return on equity is affected by three objects namely the operating efficiency, which is computed with the help of the profit margin, asset use efficiency that is measured by the total asset turnover and the financial leverage which is computed by the equity multiplier. This process is helpful for the determination of the return on the equity and the factors that are responsible for the transformations in the return on equity. Therefore, the financial statements of the hotel can be computed with the help of which the stakeholders can undertake their decisions accordingly. It is seen that computing the assets at the gross book value eliminates the incentives in order to restrict investing in the new assets. Making use of the book values in opposition to the financial accounting depreciation process manufacture artificially lower level of return on equity in the base years where an asset is put into service. It is seen that if the return on equity is unsatisfactory, the DuPont analysis would indicate the parts of the organization that is not performing effectively (Rigamonti et al. 2015). Formulae: return on assets= net profit margin *total asset turnover With respect to the hotel that is under consideration, it is seen that DuPont analysis of the hotel can be understood as following: Return on asset= 0.0134*1.42 =0.019028 Common Size Financials The common size financial is a statement that explains income and expense account items as a percentage of sales and the balance sheet items as a percentage of total assets in order to make the comparison easy. Therefore, after knowing the details of the procedure for financial analysis it can be said that in the given case study only the income statement and common size statement are provided but in order to construct a comprehensive analysis it is essential to have a balance sheet as well and with the help of the balance sheet financial position of the hotel can be attained. In order to calculate all the ratios it is mandatory to have balance sheet data. Along with income and expense account and the balance sheet there is a need for the cash flow statement (Laudon and Traver 2013). The cash flow statement depicts the actual position of the hotel. The income statement would express how much sales and expenditure has occurred and on the other hand the cash flow statement will reveal the amount the hotel has received and have paid in real. Leaving apart the financial statements of the hotel, the financial statement should have the information about the competitors of the hotel. Therefore, the hotel can compare itself with the industry and must gain knowledge about the pattern of the market. Evaluation of the measures required to correct any adverse trends: As discussed above by observing the income statement and the comparative financial statement it can be said that the performance of the hotel is very weak. The hotel is not even on breakeven point as it has being incurring losses. The following are the methods the management can use in order to increase the performance of the hotel: Provide maximum hospitality: The hotel staff should treat every guest very special. They should be polite, responsive, and for everyone they should have a sense of urgency. The experience of the hotel should be memorable for the guest Staff should the trained for everyday basis not just for one time affair: The hotel should employee experienced staff and should have regular supervision over their performance. Their remuneration or commission should be proportionate to the sales so they are well motivated to focus on increasing sales. Better marketing strategies: The hotel should identify their target audience and should do marketing through various sources. It should list itself on the best website and should offer various schemes and should also do advertising on social media, newspaper and should offer various discount coupons so the number of customer increases. The hotel should also provide some schemes for the customer residing in the hotel such as providing free breakfast, spa services. They should even focus on making the hotel kid friendly such as having baby chairs in the restaurant, having kids room and having baby tubes to access the pool. Providing delightful meals: The customer satisfaction is the best way to operate the business. The customer arrives at the restaurants to enjoy food. So the hotels should give maximum focus to the quality of food they are serving to their customers. The restaurants should have proper management and stringent controls over the quality of food they are serving. Their staff should be neatly dressed and should provide quick service. Proper forecast by top management: In the given case study the performance of the hotel is very poor. Therefore, the top level management should study what are the strategies followed by their competitors who are running a successful business. The top level management should study the pattern regarding exactly what is going wrong in their process. The management should make practical forecasts, targets and proper incentive schemes for their employees. Ambiance: The customers arrive at the hotels to enjoy ambiance, environment and meals. Therefore, the hotel should have proper provision of air cooling, music and very prim and proper ambiance. Spending too much on administration and day to day maintenance expense: In the given case study there is an imbalance between the income and expenditure. It has been observed that the sales are very low and on the other hand there is too much of expenditure on the administration and day to day expenditure. Therefore, the management should undertake maximum exploitation of the given resources and should not go overboard with their expenditure. Management Actions It is essential for the management to undertake various steps and strategies that would be influential for the improvement in the financial scenario of the hotel. It has been observed that the hotel has been facing losses and the financial statement of the hotel has not indicated any positive sign. Hence, the initiation of the various steps and actions can be helpful for the improvement in the financial statement of the hotel. It is seen that the management should look to improve the financial condition by managing and supervising the construction of the financial data so that effective results can be obtained (Cinelli, Coles and Kirwan 2015). The management should even look to construct strategies that would increase customer base of the hotel. It is essential to provide various attractive schemes and promotional activities that would be fundamental for increasing the sales margin of the hotel. The introduction of various additional facilities like free-Wi-Fi, pools and fusion resta urants can be fundamental for improving the financial activities and the operational activities of the firm. The improvement in the service quality and the food quality can increase the level of revenue of the hotel. The management should even undertake effective training program for their employees in order to make them stay updated with the market. The management should even enhance the communication level among the employees so that improvement in the operational activities can be developed (Evangelou and Ioannidis 2013). Feedback from the customers can even be taken in order to understand the faults and the grievances that are seen in the hotel so that effective measures can be taken in order to improve the financial position of the hotel. It has been observed that all the ratios that have been explained above cannot be explained with respect to the financial figures that have been provided with respect to the hotel. Therefore, it is seen that only a few of the ratios have been used in order to understand the financial position of the company. Asset Turnover Ratio= 0.0142 Net Profit Margin= -1.34% Return on Assets= -1.90% Conclusion The analysis of the financial statements that have been provided by the hotel reveals that the financial condition of the hotel is very poor and the financial statement only comprises of the income statement and there is non-existence of a balance sheet and the cash flow statement. Therefore, the hotel needs to construct their balance sheet and the cash flow statement and in this manner can improve their financial scenario. It is seen that implementation of the strategies that have been suggested in this paper would be fundamental for the development and expansion of the hotel and in that manner would increase their revenue of the firm. Therefore, the implementation of these strategies would enhance the operations of the hotel and in that manner improve the financial condition of the hotel. Reference List Abrahamsson, P., Salo, O., Ronkainen, J. and Warsta, J., 2017. Agile software development methods: Review and analysis.arXiv preprint arXiv:1709.08439. Box, G.E., Jenkins, G.M., Reinsel, G.C. and Ljung, G.M., 2015.Time series analysis: forecasting and control. John Wiley Sons. Buehlmaier, M.M. and Whited, T.M., 2016. Are financial constraints priced? Evidence from textual analysis. Chapuis, C., Bedouch, P., Detavernier, M., Durand, M., Francony, G., Lavagne, P., Foroni, L., Albaladejo, P., Allenet, B. and Payen, J.F., 2015. Automated drug dispensing systems in the intensive care unit: a financial analysis.Critical Care,19(1), p.318. Cinelli, M., Coles, S.R. and Kirwan, K., 2014. Analysis of the potentials of multi criteria decision analysis methods to conduct sustainability assessment.Ecological Indicators,46, pp.138-148. Cortazar, P., Zhang, L., Untch, M., Mehta, K., Costantino, J.P., Wolmark, N., Bonnefoi, H., Cameron, D., Gianni, L., Valagussa, P. and Swain, S.M., 2014. Pathological complete response and long-term clinical benefit in breast cancer: the CTNeoBC pooled analysis.The Lancet,384(9938), pp.164-172. Evangelou, E. and Ioannidis, J., 2013. Meta-analysis methods for genome-wide association studies and beyond.Nature Reviews Genetics,14(6). Fleisher, C.S. and Bensoussan, B.E., 2015.Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. FT Press. Glasserman, P., 2013.Monte Carlo methods in financial engineering(Vol. 53). Springer Science Business Media. Hans, R.T., Chuene, N.D., Lepota, C.K. and Masuku, M.V., 2014. Using a web-based application to assist project management students learn financial analysis methods. In2014 International Conference on Teaching and Learning in Computing and Engineering(pp. 29-32). Isard, W., Azis, I.J., Drennan, M.P., Miller, R.E., Saltzman, S. and Thorbecke, E., 2017.Methods of interregional and regional analysis. Taylor Francis. Jensen, K., 2013.Coloured Petri nets: basic concepts, analysis methods and practical use(Vol. 1). Springer Science Business Media. Kallala, R.F., Vanhegan, I.S., Ibrahim, M.S., Sarmah, S. and Haddad, F.S., 2015. Financial analysis of revision knee surgery based on NHS tariffs and hospital costs.Bone Joint J,97(2), pp.197-201. Kou, G., Peng, Y. and Wang, G., 2014. Evaluation of clustering algorithms for financial risk analysis using MCDM methods.Information Sciences,275, pp.1-12. Laudon, K.C. and Traver, C.G., 2013.E-commerce. Pearson. Ott, R.L. and Longnecker, M.T., 2015.An introduction to statistical methods and data analysis. Nelson Education. Rigamonti, L., Ferreira, S., Grosso, M. and Marques, R.C., 2015. Economic-financial analysis of the Italian packaging waste management system from a local authority's perspective.Journal of Cleaner Production,87, pp.533-541. Schmidt, F.L. and Hunter, J.E., 2014.Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings. Sage publications. Smailovi?, J., Gr?ar, M., Lavra?, N. and Ã… ½nidari?, M., 2014. Stream-based active learning for sentiment analysis in the financial domain.Information sciences,285, pp.181-203. Sullivan, S.D., Mauskopf, J.A., Augustovski, F., Caro, J.J., Lee, K.M., Minchin, M., Orlewska, E., Penna, P., Barrios, J.M.R. and Shau, W.Y., 2014. Budget impact analysisprinciples of good practice: report of the ISPOR 2012 Budget Impact Analysis Good Practice II Task Force.Value in health,17(1), pp.5-14. Tyanova, S., Temu, T., Sinitcyn, P., Carlson, A., Hein, M.Y., Geiger, T., Mann, M. and Cox, J., 2016. The Perseus computational platform for comprehensive analysis of (prote) omics data.Nature methods,13(9), pp.731-740. Velasquez, M. and Hester, P.T., 2013. An analysis of multi-criteria decision making methods.International Journal of Operations Research,10(2), pp.56-66. Vogel, H.L., 2014.Entertainment industry economics: A guide for financial analysis. Cambridge University Press. 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The Effects Of HIV Mutations On The Immune System Science C.J. Stimson

The Effects of HIV Mutations on the Immune System Science C.J. Stimson INTRODUCTION The topic of this paper is the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, and whether or not mutations undergone by the virus allow it to survive in the immune system. The cost of treating all persons with AIDS in 1993 in the United States was $7.8 billion, and it is estimated that 20,000 new cases of AIDS are reported every 3 months to the CDC. This question dealing with how HIV survives in the immune system is of critical importance, not only in the search for a cure for the virus and its inevitable syndrome, AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), but also so that over 500,000 Americans already infected with the virus could be saved. This is possible because if we know that HIV survives through mutations then we might be able to come up with a type of drug to retard these mutations allowing the immune system time to expunge it before the onset of AIDS. BACKGROUND In order to be able to fully comprehend and analyze this question we must first ascertain what HIV is, how the body attempts to counter the effects of viruses in general, and how HIV infects the body. Definition HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV is classified as a RNA Retrovirus. A retrovirus uses RNA templates to produce DNA. For example, within the core of HIV is a double molecule of ribonucleic acid, RNA. When the virus invades a cell, this genetic material is replicated in the form of DNA . But, in order to do so, HIV must first be able to produce a particular enzyme that can construct a DNA molecule using an RNA template. This enzyme, called RNA-directed DNA polymerase, is also referred to as reverse transcriptase because it reverses the normal cellular process of transcription. The DNA molecules produced by reverse transcription are then inserted into the genetic material of the host cell, where they are co-replicated with the host's chromosomes; they are thereby distributed to all daughte r cells during subsequent cell divisions. Then in one or more of these daughter cells, the virus produces RNA copies of its genetic material. These new HIV clones become covered with protein coats and leave the cell to find other host cells where they can repeat the life cycle. The Body Fights Back As viruses begin to invade the body, a few are consumed by macrophages, which seize their antigens and display them on their own surfaces. Among millions of helper T cells circulating in the bloodstream, a select few are programmed to ?read? that antigen. Binding the macrophage, the T cell becomes activated. Once activated, helper T cells begin to multiply. They then stimulate the multiplication of those few killer T cells and B cells that are sensitive to the invading viruses. As the number of B cells increases, helper T cells signal them to start producing antibodies. Meanwhile, some of the viruses have entered cells of the body - the only place they are able to replicate. Killer T cells will sacrifice these cells by chemically puncturing their membranes, letting the contents spill out, thus disrupting the viral replication cycle. Antibodies then neutralize the viruses by binding directly to their surfaces, preventing them from attacking other cells. Additionally, they precipitate chemical reactions that actually destroy the infected cells. As the infection is contained, suppresser T cells halt the entire range of immune responses, preventing them from spiraling out of control. Memory T and B cells are left in the blood and lymphatic system, ready to move quickly should the same virus once again invade the body. HIV's Life Cycle In the initial stage of HIV infection, the virus colonizes helper T cells, specifically CD4+ cells, and macrophages, while replicating itself relatively unnoticed. As the amount of the virus soars, the number of helper cells falls; macrophages die as well. The infected T cells perish as thousands of new viral particles erupt from t he cell membrane. Soon, though, cytotoxic T and B lymphocytes kill many virus-infected cells and viral particles. These effects limit viral growth and allow the body an opportunity to temporarily restore its supply of helper cells to The Effects Of HIV Mutations On The Immune System Science C.J. Stimson The Effects of HIV Mutations on the Immune System Science C.J. Stimson INTRODUCTION The topic of this paper is the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, and whether or not mutations undergone by the virus allow it to survive in the immune system. The cost of treating all persons with AIDS in 1993 in the United States was $7.8 billion, and it is estimated that 20,000 new cases of AIDS are reported every 3 months to the CDC. This question dealing with how HIV survives in the immune system is of critical importance, not only in the search for a cure for the virus and its inevitable syndrome, AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), but also so that over 500,000 Americans already infected with the virus could be saved. This is possible because if we know that HIV survives through mutations then we might be able to come up with a type of drug to retard these mutations allowing the immune system time to expunge it before the onset of AIDS. BACKGROUND In order to be able to fully comprehend and analyze this question we must first ascertain what HIV is, how the body attempts to counter the effects of viruses in general, and how HIV infects the body. Definition HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV is classified as a RNA Retrovirus. A retrovirus uses RNA templates to produce DNA. For example, within the core of HIV is a double molecule of ribonucleic acid, RNA. When the virus invades a cell, this genetic material is replicated in the form of DNA . But, in order to do so, HIV must first be able to produce a particular enzyme that can construct a DNA molecule using an RNA template. This enzyme, called RNA-directed DNA polymerase, is also referred to as reverse transcriptase because it reverses the normal cellular process of transcription. The DNA molecules produced by reverse transcription are then inserted into the genetic material of the host cell, where they are co-replicated with the host's chromosomes; they are thereby distributed to all daughte r cells during subsequent cell divisions. Then in one or more of these daughter cells, the virus produces RNA copies of its genetic material. These new HIV clones become covered with protein coats and leave the cell to find other host cells where they can repeat the life cycle. The Body Fights Back As viruses begin to invade the body, a few are consumed by macrophages, which seize their antigens and display them on their own surfaces. Among millions of helper T cells circulating in the bloodstream, a select few are programmed to ?read? that antigen. Binding the macrophage, the T cell becomes activated. Once activated, helper T cells begin to multiply. They then stimulate the multiplication of those few killer T cells and B cells that are sensitive to the invading viruses. As the number of B cells increases, helper T cells signal them to start producing antibodies. Meanwhile, some of the viruses have entered cells of the body - the only place they are able to replicate. Killer T cells will sacrifice these cells by chemically puncturing their membranes, letting the contents spill out, thus disrupting the viral replication cycle. Antibodies then neutralize the viruses by binding directly to their surfaces, preventing them from attacking other cells. Additionally, they precipitate chemical reactions that actually destroy the infected cells. As the infection is contained, suppresser T cells halt the entire range of immune responses, preventing them from spiraling out of control. Memory T and B cells are left in the blood and lymphatic system, ready to move quickly should the same virus once again invade the body. HIV's Life Cycle In the initial stage of HIV infection, the virus colonizes helper T cells, specifically CD4+ cells, and macrophages, while replicating itself relatively unnoticed. As the amount of the virus soars, the number of helper cells falls; macrophages die as well. The infected T cells perish as thousands of new viral particles erupt from t he cell membrane. Soon, though, cytotoxic T and B lymphocytes kill many virus-infected cells and viral particles. These effects limit viral growth and allow the body an opportunity to temporarily restore its supply of helper cells to

Discuss and Analyze The Events of The 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago and What Caused Them essays

Discuss and Analyze The Events of The 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago and What Caused Them essays The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of American history. Specifically it will discuss the events at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, and what caused them. The 1968 Convention in Chicago is remembered for its violent riots and government response to those riots. The problems in Chicago had roots in the Vietnam War, but the many causes went deeper than that. Vietnam helped create a division in the country, but the country was ripe for division and dissension. The postwar consensus in American society was highest in the 1950s when the economy was healthy, and most Americans were content. However, underlying the consensus was unrest in many areas. Teens, born in the war years were tired of following the strict mores of society. They rebelled by wearing jeans, listening to rock and roll, and opposing the morals of their parents. They wanted something different than suburbia, and so they tried to be more liberal and outspoken than their parents. This was the generation that would protest the Vietnam War, dabble in illegal drugs, and eventually rise up against the government and establishment. However, there was much more to the social rebellion that created such a rift in the country. While most white Americans were content in their lives, blacks, who had fought alongside whites in the war, came home to segregation, prejudice, and a lack of basic civil rights. They became increasingly discontent with their situation, and began to loudly protest for their Civil Rights. Their protests actually worked, and the Civil Rights bills of the 1960s ensured equal rights for blacks and other minorities. Seeing this success, others who were discontent with the government and the war in Vietnam used the same tactics to protest, but these protests began to turn violent and ugly. Blacks are killed in many riots, including riots following the assassination of Reverend Martin Luther K...

Strategic Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic Human Resource Management - Essay Example This method of providing feedback has become quite popular because of the various benefits associated with it if it is carried out in the right manner, but still there are certain limitations associated with this method. The initiation of the process of 360-degree feedback starts when a particular leader perceives that he/she needs to further their development in order to meet the changing needs of the organization (Atwater, 2007, p.287). This means that the main purpose of conducting this form of performance appraisal is the purpose of development. This means that organizations that are implementing this feedback should focus on the developmental aspect associated with this form of feedback instead of focusing on the administration purpose of performance appraisal. Before implementing this performance appraisal method, organizations should take into consideration the current health of the organization. If the organization is going through the process of cutting cost and is decreasing their workforce, they should avoid using this form of appraisal as during such a situation organizations may fail to obtain objective information since employees will be trying to protect their own interests and jobs. Commitment towards the appraisal process is very essential and it is the job of the human resource departments to obtain commitment for the appraisal system. But the HR department is not only responsible for gaining commitment; they have to align other roles and duties along with acquiring commitment. This is because if the process is not associated with other roles, then the participants of the process may lose commitment and would find the process to be waste. According to Atwater, a research was conducted in which 19% of the surveyed organizations reported that if the 360-degree feedback system is not connected with human resource development practices, the participants who are being evaluated

A Letter to God by Gregorio Lopez Y Fuentes Essay

A Letter to God by Gregorio Lopez Y Fuentes - Essay Example However, the expected rain turned to hail and soon destroyed all his crops which placed his family in an anticipated hunger throughout the year. Thinking about his God whom he knows would provide for their needs, the farmer then writes a letter to him which he sent through the mail. In the amusement of the postman and the postmaster, the former tried to correspond with the farmer but found the task to be challenging when he opened the letter and found out that the farmer was asking for a hundred pesos in order to re-sow the fields and to live by while they wait until harvest time. The postmaster then made his best to raise the money but was able to just send seventy pesos. When the farmer received his mail, he was disappointed when he opened it seeing it was not the full amount he asked for. So he made another letter telling God he just received seventy pesos and asking him to send the full amount of a hundred pesos because he badly needs it. Moreover, he asked the money not to be se nt through the mail because the post office employees are crooks, thinking the thirty peso deficit was taken by them.

Enhancing Dementia Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Enhancing Dementia Practice - Essay Example w of the most important strategies in Northern Ireland include: educating people about the possible signs and symptoms of dementia, creating a friendly community for people with dementia, creating public awareness about the importance of early diagnosis, integrating a wide-range of services that will support the specific needs of people with dementia, and extending necessary trainings and support of carers of people with dementia. Dementia is often characterised by having memory impairment and increased risk of having aphasia – language deficit, agnosia – perceptual disorder, and apraxia – motor functioning disorder (Mendez and Cummings, 2003, p. 6). Aside from having progressive memory loss, people with dementia can be very much disoriented (Gilmour and Brannelly, 2010). Likewise, there are cases wherein people with dementia experience cognitive deficit when it comes to comprehension and reasoning (Gilmour and Brannelly, 2010). Among the common types of dementia include Alzheimer’s disease (62%) followed by vascular dementia (17%), mixed dementia (10%), lewy-body dementia (4%), fronto-temporal dementia (2%), Parkinson’s dementia (2%), and others (3%) (Alzheimers Society, 2015a). As of 2015, roughly 20,966 people in Northern Ireland were diagnosed with dementia (Alzheimers Society, 2015a). By 2051, the number of people with dementia in Northern Ireland is expected to increase between 60,000 (Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2011) to 61,000 (DSDC, 2015). (See Figure I – Types of Dementia below) Almost half the number of people with dementia is receiving care and support in care homes (Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2011). To help improve the quality of health and social care services given to people with dementia, the Health Minister of Northern Ireland received a funding of  £6 million from the state government last September 2014 (Northern Ireland Executive, 2014).Through state funding, it is

Egyptians and Olmec Civilizations

Egyptians and Olmec Civilizations Egypt civilization will be the old world that I would be talking about. The Egyptian civilization had many ages which are early Bronze Age, middle bronze age, and late Bronze Age. The Egyptian civilization dates from the 4th millennium BC. It has a lot of arts and monuments that makes Egypt a unique place to visit. Many achievements were made by the Egyptians like the pyramids, temples, and obelisks. In the predynastic period Egyptian climate was much less dry than it is today. Most regions of Egypt were covered by savanna trees. In the early dynastic period the Egyptians had a long line of pharaohs from Menes. It has been said that the Egyptians had two kingdoms of upper and Lower Egypt. The first dynastic pharaohs solidified their control over Lower Egypt by making a capital at Memphis. Old kingdom and new kingdom will be talked about also. The Olmec civilization was started between 1200 and 400 b.c. The Olmec civilization was developed at San Lorenzo and the Olmec power moved to la venta. The Olmec was Mesoamerica`s first complex culture. The Olmec used the sacred 260 day calendar and a form of kingship that were later Mesoamerican cultures. The Olmec dated from 1400 BCE to about 400 BCE. The first major civilization in Mexico is the Olmec and they were known for the artwork. Monuments were also an important characteristic of Olmec centers. The culture of the Olmec was best known for sharing customs, history, beliefs, and other traits. Egypt Old World Civilization The Egypt civilization is known for the beautiful pyramids. Most people who think of Egypt think of the impressive Great Pyramids, Sphinx, Temples and ancient sites, but Egypt offers much more. It is romantic cruises down the Nile, the culture of Cairo, a night at the grand opera, a trek up Mt Sinai, the ancient monastery at St. Catherines, the popular diving and scuba diving Red Sea resorts, Alexandria and its surrounding beautiful beaches and Mediterranean resorts. Egypt also offers nature and desert treks, great scuba diving, fishing, golf, and birding expeditions. It is part of the Holy Land, and tours to Christian and other religious monuments are popular. Egypt is a land bustling with life, sound, visual beauty and excitement. For thousands of years, it has been the playground of emperors and kings, and now from tradition to modernity, Egypt is a country which has succeeded in creating a present that is as fascinating as its past. Egypt was one of the greatest civilizations tha t have ever existed with memorable monuments (Allen, 2009). Ancient Egyptian had a well-defined, deeply conservative ideology which was firmly based on doctrines of conformity, continuity, and precedent. Each pharaoh ruled not according to written law, but on the basis of precedents set by the gods and by earlier rulers. Egyptian ideology fitted the kings of the past and their great monuments into a majestic, linear scene. The early Egypt civilization developed a formalized style of painting and sculpture and was very spiritual and believed in life after death (Sayyid-Marsot, 2007). Early Egyptians participated in war dancing, gymnastic games, swimming and even wrestling. Children had toys which were dolls, tops, hoops, jumping jacks, skin or leather balls, marbles, and dice, the balls were mainly for ball games which were used by tossing and juggling. Religion The Egyptians as a race were profoundly religious. They recognized divinity in everything around them; the whole universe breathed of God. Birds reptiles, animals and trees were permeated with the divine essence; they saw God as a plurality in unity. The spirit of God was infused into everything, so the powers of Nature, the elements, were also divine, and was personified as the Elementals of earth, sky, air and water. Attributes and functions were also personified, sometimes in human, sometimes in animal form, which became, for the time being, the manifestation of a special attribute of deity, the abode of the God, the symbol of a power divine. Thus a multiplicity of gods is presented, which is at first confusing (britannica, unknown).To understand the subject, comparison must be made with the beliefs and religions of other lands, not only of the past but of the present Man of the inferior gods are seen to be parallel to angels and archangels, to spirits that assist mankind in his p rogress through this world and through the next, and are by no means to be confused with the great gods. Many of the deities are only aspects, forms, of God. The official religion of Egypt is Islam and most of the Egyptians adhere to its Sunni branch (britannica, unknown). Gods were worshiped in temples that were brought by priests that act on the king`s behalf. Also, Priests had a system of oracles to communicate the will of god to the people. The Egyptians did have a somewhat currency. There was a system that was used as a currency which was weights of gold, silver and copper. However, around 500BC there were coins as a currency (Sayyid-Marsot, 2007). Hedj which means money was close to what is called to be a currency that was used for exchange of money. The writing of the Egyptians was composed of many symbols which same symbols can serve different purposes. The Hieroglyphic writing was a formal script used on stone monuments and in tombs. The Olmec New World Civilization The Olmec is considered to be one of the greatest civilizations in Mesoamerica. The Olmec was traced to the area of San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan city. The first city for San Lorenzo was The Olmecs and it was an important civilization for around 500 years (Encyclopedia).Prior to the Olmecs, the Indians of Mexico were hunters and gathers. They were nomadic, spending very little time in one location. As soon as the animals they hunted became scarce in one area, they gathered the few belongings they had and moved to a new location with the hope of more plentiful game. When the Olmecs settled in southeastern Mexico, they established agricultural staples such as corn, squash and beans. They also constructed large cities, religious centers, and trade routes. They developed a distinct culture, characterized by highly developed art and religion (Rosenswig, 2010). The Olmec had a great run in history between 1200 B.C. and 400 B.C. Back in those days, they were the record setters in this part of the world. For example, they were the first in the Americas to develop a written language. And they were the first in the Americas to build pyramids. But sadly, many of their accomplishments have disappeared over time. Today, we know almost nothing about the Olmec and their amazing culture. As a matter of fact, we do not even know what they called themselves! The Aztec Indians gave the tribe the name Olmec. It means rubber people. The Aztecs called them this because the Olmec supplied them with sap from rubber trees. Apart from being known as the rubber people, the Olmec were equally famous for their colossal heads. Each colossal head was a sculpture carved out of a single block of stone. The stone was quarried in the Tuxtla Mountains. To date, we do not know for sure how the Olmec transported the stone and who the colossal heads were supposed to repres ent. Many researchers believe that the Olmec used rafts to carry the stone. And they made the colossal heads to portray their famous rulers. Thus far, scientists have unearthed more than a dozen colossal heads. They all had slanted eyes and large lips. The biggest one is about 3.4 meters tall. It weighs over 20 tons. The Olmec created several monuments which are colossal heads, Small Feline, Feline-Jaguar, cross legged pose, and many more. One of the similarities of the Egyptians and the Olmec is the monuments. The Olmec Center at San Lorenzo, Honduras, contains several huge carved heads. Some of them are 9 feet high and weigh about 40 tons. The heads may be portraits of Olmec leaders or of players in a sacred ball game. The stone used for the sculptures came from a site more than 250 miles away. The Olmec transported this stone over mountain ranges, rivers, and swamps. The Olmec altar has a carved figure at the base situated at the mouth of a cave. This figures elaborate headdress shows that he is a ruler. The ruler holds a rope that winds around the base of the altar and binds a carved figure at the back. Scholars believe that the altar was used as a throne (Encyclopedia). Differences between Egypt and Olmec The belief systems of the Egyptians and Olmec civilizations also had similarities and differences. Most of the people of Egypt practiced polytheism. Although this religion had many gods, it recognized one supreme god or life force. Like polytheism, the Olmec religion also had several gods. A rain god shown as half-human and half-jaguar dominated their religion. But unlike the Egyptians, the Olmec probably did not view this rain god as a supreme god. Both the Egyptians and Olmec built great temples for worship. Egyptian builders constructed many types of temples. One type had a square shape with a pillared front porch and a flat roof. The other type also had a square structure, but its roof had a pyramid shape. The Olmec constructed entire buildings that were pyramids and probably used them as temples. So two civilizations, thousands of miles apart with no direct connection, both used the pyramid shape for their houses of worship (Olmec Meso).

Mass Media :: Violence Technology Papers

Mass Media Part I: The Problem. In the aftermath of the Columbine school shootings, parents were eager to find someone or something to take the blame for the tragedy. We as Americans are a culture that has to be able to control the outcome of our everyday lives. When something happens that catches us off guard, we get frightened and jump to conclusions. With no closure in sight from the columbine shootings, parents across the country wanted answers. Instead of evaluating their own parenting, people began to say that video games, movie and television were the problem. The idea was that by eliminating the violence on TV and that will stop kids from being violent. The news media, fearing for its ratings took this idea and ran with it doing in depth stories and all types of special reports. The goal of this newsletter is not to place blame on anyone, but to bring to the realization that the only way to help our youth is to not blame outside factors for behavior but approach the problem directly, in the home, face to face with the child. Columbine: The tragedy On a sunny spring day in April 1999, a suburban high school in Jefferson County, Colorado, found itself under attack by two of its own. In less than fifteen minutes of the first-lunch period on that Tuesday, two student gunmen killed 13 and wounded 21 before they turned the guns on themselves in the most devastating school shooting in U.S. history. Columbine High School is one of three in the unincorporated southeast portion of Jefferson County. The county itself lies on the west side of the Denver metropolitan area and is the most populated county in the state. The large unincorporated region along the county’s southern plains and foothills has a population of nearly 100,000 residents - 1,945 of who attended Columbine High School. The two student gunmen were Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold. Their plans for attacking the school, recovered by investigators after the tragedy had taken place, evolved over one year’s time. In those plans, Klebold and Harris outlined a mission to kill as many students and faculty as possible. They would set off destructive bombs inside the school and then shoot any survivors trying to run out. Bombs inside their cars would explode later, killing law enforcement, fire or medical personnel responding to the scene.

Kate Cooper Case Essay

Green Meadows Hospital is newly constructed community hospital owned by Southern Hospitals Corporation. Kate Cooper was very excited when she got a new position at Green Meadows as a Manager of Adult Services. They started hiring people and were getting ready to open the hospital. However, things did not go well as they planned and wanted to. Therefore, Kate had to resign. The biggest problem that I see in this was their unorganized management skills and communications skills. They should have more prepared since they were new hospital and related to people’s lives but from the beginning, it seemed like they did not think that it was a big of deal and just went it the flow. Communications at Green Meadows Hospital is more likely one way communication. It started out with 2 way communication model somehow, but it ended up having just one way communication model. At first, Alan seemed like he understood Kate’s situation and encouraged her with her getting higher education and seemed like he was going to be a strong supporter. However, it didn’t really work out. It was always him giving her too much work when even she told him that she does not think that she can handle all the responsibilities and works due to her duties and school. Also, There were never really clear communication or/and understanding among Doug, Alan, and Kate. 2 way communication model would have fixed their problems. Even though one way communication is a lot easier and faster, using 2 way communication is more accurate, can make fewer mistakes, and will have fewer problems. They could have asked questions to each other, talk about concerns, and even make suggestions or modifications if they needed to. That would have helped them to understand each other, information that they should know about, and what is being communicated. This could have help them to share information effectively and the team could have performed better. I would have to say that Doug and Alan both have the SIL style of between S1 and S2. They both are somewhat directing and coaching at the same time. They seem like they are listening to their followers but the result shows us that they didn’t really. At first he seemed like he was very encouraging and supporting his followers and he turned out to be very selfish and self-centered leader. To be a S3 or S4 leaders, they need to listen to their followers more since they are working with their patients directly and might know better than them. However, decisions were never made with the followers, instead the leaders made most of the decisions and just announced it. On the other hand, Kate is in the level of D2. She has had some experiences as a charge nurse and a house supervisor. Kate has some relevant skills with the new position but since she was new to this position and to the hospital, she needed some help from her leaders. I would say Peter is in the level of D4. He just knew what he was doing and seemed like very confidence of what he was doing but like Alan, he was very selfish, seemed like he always thought about himself first instead thinking about the team as a whole. To help Kate and Peter, they could change their leaderships to S3. I think S4 would be too much for everyone with this situation, but having 2 way communication, when making decisions followers can be involved, but still the leaders can make the final decisions. Instead of Doug and Alan telling Kate and Peter what to do, they all can be involved and talk about what is going on at the hospital and talk about it to make it better or make a better decisions. Kate and Peter will more feel like they are important and will be more motivated and perform better. First theory is expectancy theory. If people put their effort into something and they perform to get the result. Between putting effort and performing they think that their effort will make them to attain their goals. Also between their performance and outcome, they expect specific result. Maslow’s Need Hierarchy is the next theory. People have to have the low level of needs to have higher needs. Also once a need is satisfied, it is not a powerful motivator anymore. Third is Alderfer’s ERG Theory. This theory is somewhat similar to Maslow’s theory but slightly different. It has three sets of needs: existence, relatedness, and growth. Unlike Maslow’s law ERG theory states that several different needs can be done at once and at the same time because they are all connected. This can either motivate or demotivate people. They should use ERG theory to prevent managers like Kate from resigning. Environment like hospitals should have existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs at the same time. They do not have time to wait for one thing to get done and go onto another. At the hospital they work with people. They should respect each other, not just respect the leaders but also leaders should respect the followers. And also they should have relationship that includes all the employees and share their thoughts, discuss problems together, and try to find the solutions together. And people need some kind of motivations to work better with other people, be productive, or perform better. These can happen all at once. However, Kate did not get any respect from her co-worker or her leaders and also did not have any motivations. Alan just kept pushing her to the edge. He did not even ask her opinion and told her what to do. Again, there was no communication between them and that was the main problem tha t they had. a. Absence of Trust – At first, they trust each other, but as time goes by, they didn’t really talk about the problems. They didn’t even try to help each other out. They didn’t talk about when Alan behaved unprofessionally and inappropriately. No body was really getting along well. b. Fear of Conflicts – They should have worked as a team but seems like to me they were just working as an individual. They didn’t respect each other, didn’t care about each other, and ignore some issues that they were having. They didn’t really try to fix problems but just covered up when they should have talked about Alan’s behavior or Peter taking Kate’s orientation dates. c. Lack of Commitment – Since they don’t trust each other, don’t respect each other, it led them to have lack of commitment. No body really knew what they were really doing. Everyone was on their owns. There were no priorities, no directions, and had same problems over and over again: Kate having too much responsibilities and work). d. Avoidance of Accountability – Alan always gave Kate way too much work that she cannot even handle them. Alan and Dough were supposed to be communicating each other and lead them team but even they did not really communicate well and resulted in Alan overstepping Doug’s positions. e. Inattention to results – Because of all of the above, it got to the point where Kate was told that she had to quit school. This clearly shows how Alan’s leadership style and ethics were very wrong. I would say, right now they are in the Storming stage. It is the stage when hostilities and conflicts arise, and people jockey for positions of power and status. They can’t go on to the next stage that is Norming stage if they can’t solve the problems. Peter and Alan being selfish and having a self-centered leadership, having no communication among the team members, giving too much work and all the responsibilities to one manager, leader’s unprofessional/inappropriate behavior should be all solved for them to continue to the Norming stage. At Norming stage, the team members share their ideas, thought, goals, and develop closer relationship, which will lead them to perform better, and success as a whole. For Green Meadows Hospital, the most needed solution is communication. Communication is always important in any kind of situation. If they start communicating as a team, having regular meetings that will build their trust. Trust is also important factor but with out communication, it can’t be built. The leaders should have a heart for the company, should be able to motivate their followers, and should have right ethics. Leaders should not have any deception, fear, pride, or greed. Alan showed a lot of greed and deception in this case (telling Kate to quit school, unprofessional behaviors, not following his leader†¦etc). Of course it is important to have great leadership skills but without a heart, they will have no followers. To have faithful, committed followers, then leaders should do it first.

Founded on economic principles Essay Example

Founded on economic principles Essay Example Founded on economic principles Paper Founded on economic principles Paper The objective of Lu and Comanor’s study is to investigate on the factors that affect the prices of pharmaceutical products at their introduction to the market throughout their life cycle. Their work was founded on economic principles and supported by a regression analysis of empirical data on new drugs introduced from 1978 to 1987. Data on the new molecular entities that were introduced before 1984 were sourced from the Food and Drug Administration (1985), while the rest were from a study of drugs lags between the United States and the United Kingdom. The drugs used as part of the empirical data were subject to the FDA ratings, wherein Class A represented drugs that provided valuable therapeutic gain, Class B were drugs that were modestly effective, and Class C were drugs that gave little or no therapeutic benefits. : One of the main findings was the therapeutic significance of the pharmaceutical products was directly proportional to its launch price. In fact, Class A and B drugs were launched into the market at a premium while most of Class C drugs were at a discount. These findings satisfied previous research, such as Reekie’s (1978). According to Reekie, drugs that were therapeutically advanced were priced higher than substitutes already in the market while imitators cost cheaper. This pricing behavior has led Reekie to conclude that an even price competition in the market cannot be completely possible due to the presence of such advanced patented drugs. He observed, however, that through time, prices of these advanced drugs decline while those of generic or imitation drugs increased (Lu Comanor 108, 111). The empirical data also reveal, Class A drugs have the least imitators while Class C drugs have the most. But despite the production of these supposed imitators, the rate of imitation is not as rampant as those in other industries. In fact, branded rivals still thrive in the market and they cause the decline in the launch prices of fellow innovative drugs, whereas generic substitutes produce the opposite effect. This pricing behavior reflects the findings Dean’s (1969) study wherein he defines two (2) pricing techniques for new products, namely skimming and penetration pricing. Skimming pricing is positioning new advanced therapeutic products at premium prices that eventually decline, and penetration pricing is introducing less innovative products at lower prices and raising them over time. In essence, results of the study show that advanced therapeutic products enter the market under skimming pricing while imitation and other less innovative drugs do so under penetration pricing (Lu Comanor 108, 111). Aside from the pricing strategies, it was interesting to learn how the nature of the diseases also serves as price determinants for the drugs intended to treat them. According to the text, the repurchase or sustainability in demand for the drugs is, somehow determined by whether it is used for acute or chronic cases. So for drugs that are intended for chronic cases, such as those of the elderly, the strategy applied is more price-sensitive. This aspect of the pricing strategy is interesting in that aside from following the dynamics of price and demand, it benefits consumers that continuously need such therapeutic products for their health. While the text effectively incorporates economic principles with the technicalities of the pharmaceutical industry, the discussion on pricing would have been more substantial if the cost side of the products were also considered. As prices of drugs and other health instruments are often topics of debate, it would have been more interesting if the text broadened the discussion to include the price structure of the products and a forecast on the direction of the pharmaceutical industry during this time when the health crises is most prevalent. Reference Lu, John Z., and Comanor, William S. Strategic Pricing of New Pharmaceuticals The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 80, No.1 (Feb., 1998), 108-118

Bouillon vs. Bullion vs. Boolean

Bouillon vs. Bullion vs. Boolean Bouillon vs. Bullion vs. Boolean Bouillon vs. Bullion vs. Boolean By Brittiany Cahoon Dont confuse bouillon with bullionone is a soup ingredient and the other is gold. Both bouillon and bullion come from Old French, and in fact the same root word, boillonwhich refers to the froth on the top of a boiling cauldron. They are pronounced almost the same: Merriam-Webster says that bouillon should be said BOOL-yon, while bullion should be pronounced BULL-yen. But bouillon is a beef broth, like in French cuisine or bouillon soup, and bullion refers to bricks of gold, like in Fort Knox. Thanks to modern technology, we have bouillon cubes: those salty sugar-cube-size morsels that can be dissolved in boiling water for easy soup. But modern technology also gives us Boolean cubes, a graphical visualization of Boolean functionswhich are used in the study of cryptography, for example. If we can assume cubes of bullion make bad soup, I wouldnt risk the Boolean cubes. Here are some quotations from newspapers: CHICKEN FLAVOR GRANULATED BOUILLON , 4-ounce jar (makes 28 cups), 14 cents a pint. Absolutely classic bouillon flavor, not bad for a drink made predominantly of salt and sugar, but little or no relation to chicken. (www.nytimes.com) which operates vaults in London, New York and Zurich there has been a ninefold increase in the number of gold bullion traders in the past five years, with Britons among the most enthusiastic buyers. Most of them, say BullionVault, (www.theguardian.com) Gold Bullion Exchange, accused of bilking investors nationwide of millions of dollars worth of undelivered gold bullion, was stabbed to death today, apparently in an argument over use of his car, police said. (www.nytimes.com) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Definitely use "the" or "a"In Search of a 4-Dot EllipsisWhat the heck are "learnings"?

Vibration monitoring of Gas Turbine in oil industry Essay

Vibration monitoring of Gas Turbine in oil industry - Essay Example Mostly it is used in turbo machinery when in support of fluid film bearings. ii. The Velocity-pickup detectors: It is characterized with a flat response to amplitude which is given as a function of frequency. As a result the alarm setting will remains same as before despite different speeds of the turbine. Their role in the turbines diagnosis is however limited. This pickup detector tends to be very directional providing different result values when subjected to the same force but placed facing in different directions. iii. Accelerometers: This is usually in many cases mounted on the machine’s casing. Their main work is to pick up vibrations problems from the spectrum transmitted between the shaft and the casing. They are used in identification of high frequency response problems which can arise due to, dry fictional whirl, wearing of gear teeth, blade flutter and surge. The industrial gas turbines in oil industries are built and intended for industrial applications as exhibited in their design features. Gas turbine in oil industry utilizes the fluid-film in bearings in both their and axial and radial shaft support. They use seal oil auxiliary systems and conventional lube oil, and also they are used in heavier construction, due to their heavy weight driven components. (Kamboukos et al.2005). Some Gas Turbine Condition Monitoring and Protection System that can be used are: i. Radial Bearings: When two proximity probes are used then they should be placed in a configuration that of X-Y in each of the bearing and observe directly their relative motion from the bearing and the shaft. This has been recommended to be used like a shutdown parameter. ii. Thrust Bearings: Only two proximity probes are used, observation of the axial position in the shaft being at within thrust bearing area of clearance. It is also has been recommended to be used as shutdown parameter. (Loboda et al. 2006). iii. Casing Vibration: The

Air pollution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Air pollution - Essay Example This paper will discuss air pollution and its various aspects. According to Lbl.gov, there are various major  kinds  of pollution, which produce renowned  effects on the well-being and health  of individuals and the environment as a whole. These pollution types include the discharge of such toxic gases as chemical vapors, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Once these gases get into the environment, they can become involved in advanced chemical reactions leading to the formation of  acid rain and  smog. Other serious implications include the development of holes in the ozone layer as well as greenhouse effect. The other type of air pollution, which results from fuel combustion for energy, involves the discharge of  particles  (particulate matter) into the air. These particles are tiny pieces of matter, which measures roughly 0001 inches. An excellent case in point of this  kind of particulate matter is diesel smoke. This kind of pollution is also kn own as black carbon pollution. Smoke from burning fuels in industries, homes, and automobiles, is a main source of air pollution. It is also believed that burning charcoal and wood in barbeques and fireplaces can as well discharge into the air significant amounts of soot. Liu explains that the common sources of air pollution include industrial facilities, motor vehicles emissions, household combustion devices, forest fires, mold spores, and pollen among others. According to him, these sources fall into two main categories, namely natural and human sources (15). The natural sources of air pollution include volcanic activity that lead to the production of ash particulates, chlorine, sulfur, carbon monoxide and smoke from wildfires; and dust from natural sources that are usually large areas with no or little vegetation (Chapman and Rob 23). Human sources of air pollution result from human activities that contribute to air pollution. One of the main sources of air pollution that results from human activity is from manufacturing facilities, waste incinerators, and power plants and other forms of fuel-burning heating devices (Gurjar 33). Aircraft, motor vehicles, sound equipments, and marine vessels are the other sources of air pollution from human activities. Military activities such as toxic gases, nuclear weapons, and germ warfare can be the other source of air pollution. Controlled burn practices and chemicals used in forestry management and agriculture are the other sources of air pollution resulting from human activity (Colls 27). Pollutants are the substances that cause air pollution. Pollutants that are of major public health and environment concern include ozone, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon dioxide (Liu 18). Pollutants are classified into two main categories: primary and secondary. Primary pollutants are those that are emitted directly from a process such as sulfur dioxide from manufacturing facilities, the carbon monoxi de from the motor vehicle, or ash from volcanic eruption (Gurjar 36). Example of primary pollutants include carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, ammonia, radioactive pollutants,

International marketing (report 1) Research Paper

International marketing (report 1) - Research Paper Example According to study in Australia website, most of the Australian population live in the narrow, fertile eastern coastal plain, and on the southeastern coast, which is favourable for surfing (â€Å"Study in Australia† web). In addition, warm beaches in Australia attract surfing sporting activities. Surfing activity has certain geographical requirements. First, as much as surfers have to acquire skills to enable them ride on the waves, it is required of them to have background knowledge on the topology of the place. That is the topography or service features present on the beach. In addition, they must be good swimmers and be apt to the changing weather. Australian beaches have a considerable topology and depth that allow surfing. Secondly, Surfers seek out for strong waves called swells, which are stable waves that form far away from the beach. A surfer must calculate his moves well not to fall into the rocks as the wave breaks. Wind strength and fetch determines the strength of a swell. A fetch is a geographical term that predicts the stretch of open water over which the wind is blowing. Australian beaches have great fetches where water blows before reaching the land or the rocks. Additionally, reefs, sand bars, and narrow wave bases on the Australian beaches support this sor ting activity especially for experienced surfers. It is dangerous for inexperienced surfers who risk being crashed upon a rock, reef, or being dumped far beneath the surface. At the coasts of Australia, the government has employed some game warders to enforce some coastal laws. Some of the laws related to surfboards include those restricting minors from operating minor watercraft. Persons under 14 years are restricted from using watercrafts. Each person surfing or under a watercraft is required to wear a stipulated coast guard protective devices like a life jacket. That is each surfer has to wear a life jacket

Catholic Social Teaching Essay Example for Free

Catholic Social Teaching Essay * is a body of doctrine developed by the Catholic Church on matters of poverty and wealth, economics, social organization and the role of the state. Its foundations are widely considered to have been laid by Pope Leo XIIIs 1891 encyclical letter Rerum Novarum, which advocated economic Distributism and condemned both Capitalism and Socialism, although its roots can be traced to the writings of Catholic thinkers such as St. Thomas Aquinas and St. Augustine of Hippo, and is also derived from concepts present in the Bible. * The Catholic Social Teaching has two basic characteristics, namely, being permanent and developing. * Permanent -Since the teachings are based on the Gospel, they offer a permanent complex idea to be pursued in the ever changing historical conditions and ways. These teachings can never go out of date in their fundamentals. Examples of these permanent teachings are exemplified in the following principles: 1. Human dignity and Solidarity 2. Social justice and Christian love 3. Active non-violence and peace 4. Preferential option for the poor 5. Value of human work 6. Universal destinations of all goods of the earth 7. Stewardship and the integrity of creation 8. People empowerment 9. Authentic and holistic (integral) human development * Developing -The fundamentals of Church Social Teaching make up the steadily growing collection of the Church’s social principles that must be creatively applied to and renewed in ever changing concrete situations of various events, cultures, and human needs in the historical process. Deeper insights into permanent values develop as the Church reads the signs of the times. * Methods and Sources 1. Scripture. The authoritative books which record the Jewish and Christian   experiences of God’s self-disclosure. Scripture reveals who God is and who we are called to be in response to God. Interpretation of Scripture requires attention to historical context and is best done in community. 2. Tradition: the ways of thinking and living that are â€Å"handed over† (traditio) from one generation to the next; an ongoing conversation across the ages about our most important questions. Also the body of theological reflection and the ways of putting this reflection into practice that are â€Å"handed over† (traditio) from one generation to the next. Magisterium: official teaching office of church and authoritative voice of tradition. While theologians, activists, and ordinary Catholics make contribute to this body of theological reflection in important ways, a privileged source of Catholic tradition is the magisterium or the official, authoritative teaching office of the church. This official teaching office is exercised by Catholic Bishops, and in particular the Bishop of Rome (the Pope), as well as groups appointed by the Pope. This teaching is expressed in the form of a) papal encyclicals; b) encyclicals of Church Councils (such as Vatican II) or Synods of Bishops, c) statements by Vatican offices, congregations, and commissions; d) Episcopal conferences (regional meetings of Bishops, such as the National Conference of Catholic Bishops in the United States). 3. Reason. The natural human capacity to know truth. The way we interpret and understand Scripture, Tradition, and experience. * Reason as Natural Law The preeminent form of reasoning for much of Catholic tradition has been natural law reasoning. To understand Catholic natural law reasoning, one must get inside a whole worldview, culture, and language within Catholic tradition. Natural law holds that God’s intentions are expressed in the order that God â€Å"built into creation.† This order takes the form of â€Å"natures† or intelligible patterns of being. Humans are capable of knowing this order by reflecting upon creation. As humans we must first recognize our nature and act according to it so as to fulfill our created nature. For example, humans by nature (or by creation) have a â€Å"built in† instinct for self-preservation. Aquinas argues that to use appropriately limited violence in self-defense is good because it is to act according to our God-given nature. (God’s creation is good). * Four Levels of Law St. Thomas Aquinas defines law is â€Å"an ordering of reason† (ordinatio rationis) or the most important way that reason rules or measures actions. He describes four levels of law: a. Eternal Law: the mind (ratio) of God which orders and governs creation b. Divine Law: the explicit revelation of the mind of God in Scripture c. Natural Law: the expression of the mind of God in the order that God has built into creation. This order takes the form of natures or patterns of being that humans can know by using their reason to reflect on creation. For example, because humans by nature (or creation) have a built in instinct for self-preservation, limited self-defense is in accord with our God-given nature. See Romans 2:14-15 d. Human Law: human attempts to formulate laws that reflect the natural law. * Two Interpretations of Human Nature There have been two major strains of interpretation of human nature: a) â€Å"nature as physical†Ã¢â‚¬â€humans must respect their biological â€Å"givenness† or the physical order (ex. artificial contraception interferes with the natural order of sexual intercourse whereas the rhythm method respects this order.) b) â€Å"nature as rational†Ã¢â‚¬â€humans must act in accord with reason; they must seek to discover and fulfill their fullest purpose. Biology does not trump other cues in discovering â€Å"nature.† Instead, we must look to all sources of human wisdom in order to discover how things are meant to be. The pope reasons that the purpose of property is for the good of all creation but a limited right to private property is consistent with human dignity and human wisdom about how well people take care of common property. 4. Experience. Our encounter with the world both past and present. Christian tradition privileges the experience of those at the margins of society—the poor and the oppressed. In Catholic social thought experience is enriched and expanded by a four step process of interpretation and reflection which I will call â€Å"the interpretive circle†. a. experience: insert yourself into a situation, see what is going on, and gather necessary information b. social analysis: â€Å"What are the structural or â€Å"root† causes of injustices?† â€Å"What are the patterns of action that reinforce these injustices?† c. theological reflection: â€Å"What light does faith, especially as expressed in Scripture and Catholic social teaching, shed upon our experience and social analysis?† â€Å"Where is God in this situation and how might we respond to God’s call to us?† d. practical planning: â€Å"What are the most faithful, creative, and effective ways of acting upon the first three steps?† * How does Catholic tradition use these four sources? 1. They serve as checks and balances to each other. Each should inform and complement the other in critical dialogue. 2. â€Å"Reason informed by faith.† Reason and faith penetrate each other and form a unified way of approaching problems. Scripture and Christian Tradition provide the overall story, worldview, and values that serve as the framework for moral reasoning.

Reckitt Benckiser entering a new (Non-EU) market

Reckitt Benckiser entering a new (Non-EU) market The company manufactures household, personal and consumer healthcare products. Such as Dettol anti-septic, Veet, Strepsils, Airwick, Vanish etc. In 1823, Johann A. Benckiser founded Benckiser chemical industry. Later in 1940, the company was rented by Issac Reckitt. He also bought a starch mill in Hull and diversified into household products renowned for starch washing blue and black lead for shoe polishing. Since 1913 till 2009, RB has come across through diversification and joint venturing in Australia and USA. RBs mission and objectives. The mission of RB highlights both purpose and its value. Which include- To delivers better solutions in household, health and personal care to consumers. To do constant innovation. Deliver fast-acting solutions that help make life easier. The objectives of RB is to generate growth by expanding globally and produce powerful and durable brands. RBs marketing characteristics. Reckitt Benckisers marketing flair is for the consumer. Each product has its own portfolio. The key role for marketing in global is the priority to 19 branded products. RB is consistantly developing and delivering the innovated pipelines and maximising international brand equality. RBs three main strategic pillars of marketing are: innovation, brand equity and developing products for global use. RB has become NO.1 amongst the market competition in the UK. And is continuously backing up its core brands. RB is operating over 60 countries and sells its brand across worldwide. RBs brands are divided into 6 categories: surface care, e.g: Cillit Bang,Harpic,Woolite, Amphyl. fabric care, e.g: Vanish, Calgon. dishwashing, e.g: Finish, Electrasol, Fairy. home care, e.g: Lysol, Air Wick. health and personal care, e.g: Dettol, Clearasil, Veet, Scholl, Nurofen, Gaviscon, Strepsils, Bonjela, Aerogard, Mucinex, Mortein. food. e.g: Kit Kat, Red hot, Butter original. RBS Sale Performance. RB performed beyond its expectations even in the critical economic climate in 2009. In 2000,the companys net revenue doubled and quadrupled market capitalisation. The shareholders recieved approx. 200% against a market average of 22% over the past 5 years. RB is one of the league in terms of its production innovation. The company gained almost 40% of revenue through its innovations during the last 3 years. RB is consistently working on its margins and looking forward to manage its costs. And targets to turn an average sales growth of 7% into 17% profit over the next 5 years. RBs future success relies on the commercial drive, and ambition of its employees. RBs major competitors in the UK are Procter and Gamble (PG), which holds the revenue of $79bn for the year 2009. And Unilever, with revenue of $41bn in 2008. In 2008, despite pricing pressure and raw material price inflation, RB has balanced its revenue growth by reducing costs that helped in rise in its operating margins by 0.8% to 23.4%. The company re-invented its container for Vanish brand to use 70% less plastic than original big tub. Marketing goals objectives. To expand. To promote its powerful brands worldwide. To achieve global market leadership. Market Penetration and Market Expansion. Achieving High Gross Margins. New Product Development and Entrepreneurship. International Market planning. Market research is a vital to decision making process in marketing plan. The research include the best opportunities for investment in the market. The political, financial, cultural, legal and regulatory, competitors, consumers need to be taken into account that effects the business. Due to a lot of competition in UK and in order to gain maximum profit, RB has intentions to promote its 19 powerful brands to international market. Internal External analysis of RB. The internal analysis defines the key features of the company. The areas in consideration to analyze are: Resource capabilities, Configuration and coordination of activities, Company performance, Structure of company and characteristics of its culture. The figure describes; Stars as RBs products which have the high share in the growing market. When the market slows down, these products become the cash flows. And when the market shares are lost and it stops growing, they become Dogs. Cash cows are the products of high market share in low growing market. These products usually defend Reckitt Benckisers competitors. Dogs define the products of low market share in low growing market. These products are usually not profitable. Question Marks are the dilemma creating products. If market shares stays continues low, these products becomes Dogs. External Analysis: It normally relates to the opportunity and threats existing in environment. The areas to analyse that effects the company are: Customers, Competitors, Culture and company performance, Market size and growth, Environment in which the company operates. Political Factors. As every government have its own business policies in the country of origin. This factor follows the formal and informal regulations influencing the business. The political issues can rise in the form of trade restriction, employment, tariffs and political stability. Hence, Reckitt Benckisers business can be influenced by the fast growing consumer goods. Economical Factors. This relates to the nature of the economic system in the particular country. Capital market is the key factor to be considered. Social Factors. The environment relates to the value system of society determined by its nation. Social factors consist of the costs, customs, structures, heritage, wealth and income as well as the labour mobility. Therefore, the nature of goods to be produced depends upon the demand of the people. A code of conduct is needed to be followed in the business. Technological Factors. This is a major factor that influence on business. Technology determines the quality of goods to be produced. It can also affects in terms of investment Since there are many factors that effects the business both internally and externally, therefore, it is essential for a company to continue cope with the market challenges by innovating new brand and products. SWOT factors. Strength. The Strength of the branded products are; (e.g. of Clearasil, Strepsils, Kit Kat, Bonjela), Clearasil is good for all skin types, it is a unique face wash designed to combat bacteria. Strepsils is a best treatment to help prevent sore throat, this product is without any side effects. Kit Kat chocolate is famous amongst all, and usually targets to children. Bonjela is best to prevent mouth ulcers and comes in different flavours that attract all. Also there is one suitable for babys teething problems. Weakness. Sometimes these products are not perceived as an everyday use. Some people might not like taste or smell. Shape not user-friendly. Opportunity and threats. According to RBs competitive analysis, there is a wide range of opportunities which will help the new products capitalize a greater market share. The products ability to gain real consumer insight and to develop products and variants according to the consumers needs. These opportunities are focused by professionals of sales and marketing, research, development, supply chain and the experts of information services and human resources. The threat to RB is that the other main players in the antibacterial category have positioned their brands for everyday use against bacteria. Pricing and other competitive strategies have also been taken over by the development of information technology. The pricing strategy of the consumer goods manufacturing company can affect the supply and demand of products. Justification. Reckitt Benckiser is moving fast in a challenging working culture. The company has intentions to go global. RB is focusing on innovation in order to compete with the local market. As UK is recovering from economical crises, there is a good opportunity for Reckitt Benckiser to expand its business into an International Market to raise its profits. Marketing strategy. RBs Market Penetration tells about the existing markets and existing products. That means the company sells the existing products to its existing customers. Market development tells about the new market and existing products. That means RB markets its existing product range in a new market. Product development tells about the existing markets and new products. This means a new product to be marketed to RBs existing customers. Business Diversification tell about the new markets and new products. This is where RB market completely new products to new customers. RBs strategy is to obtain a highly focused portfolio concentrating on its 19 most profitable brands. The marketing stragety of RB is; Competition: RB is consistently focusing to deliver the fast growth in the sector. Expansion: This is RBs consistent and highly successful strategy. The company focuses on markets with its growth potential. For example, by investing in the relatively new Automatic Dishwashing category rather than in the congested Laundry Detergent category. Instead of investing in generic households products the company also focuses in the fast growth demand of skincare. Market analysis in general. In generally, the market analysis for the chain of RBs products is: Location which include all Suburban, urban, small, big and developing countries. Demographics. All male, female, children, old aged from birth to lifetime. All people who care for their well being and household. Market entry strategy. There are various strategies to enter into a new market. For example; by growing trading blocks, Counter trading, Piggy backing and Barter. Counter trading: In this method, a person agrees to buy goods on a commitment that the seller also buys his products in return of time, finance or balance of compensation of products. Barter: In this method direct exchange of goods is occurred for another. Piggy backing: In this method, the organisation with less exporting skill uses the services of the skilled exporter. For example: The fertilizer manufacturers of Zimbabwe could piggyback with the South Africa who both import potassium from outside their countries. Methods for new market entry (based on mission and philosophy of the company). The methods to enter into a new market are as followed; Partnership/ Joint Venture, In joint venture two or more investors share ownership and control over a firm operations. The advantages of Joint ventures are; Foreign partner has the vast knowledge about the market in his country. Joint financial strength is established between the partners. They also have disadvantages: Partners may not sometime negotiate. The recovery of capital can become impossible. To license, Licensing is the method of foreign operation where a firm in one country agrees to permit a company in another country to use the manufacturing and processing provided by the licensor. For example: United Bottlers in Zimbabwe have the licence to make Coke. The licensing cost is signing the agreement and policing the implementation. The disadvantages are: There is a limited form of participation e.g. in length of agreement or specific product manufacturing. Direct/Indirect investment. Direct investment includes- Government, distributors and agents. The advantage of direct investment is that it is the direct means of entry. And also it is the source of supply for the third country. The disadvantages are that the partners may lack the management skills. Also there could be different views of opinions amongst the partners. Indirect investment includes- Counter trade, export management or a trading company. By indirect investment, the investor is not directly associated with the profit and loss of the firm on which the money is usually spent. Brief profile of chosen market. Peru: Peru is known as a private sector market based driven economy, in which government expenditure including consumption and transfer payments are low. The market oriented reforms and privatizations are carried out during 1990s and in 2001 the country has promoted trade and investment. Since 1993, the foreign investors have been allowed for investment in all economic sectors. Finance, supportive government regulation and market opportunities are available in Peru. Alternative entry method. The alternative method to enter into foreign market is by expansion of product line or geographically. More the product line or the geographic area is expanded the greater is the managerial complexity. But usually this process requires high margins of investment. And can become risky due to lack of knowledge of the new market. Another way is of exporting. Exporting manufacturing goods is less risky and gives opportunity to get to know about the foreign markets. Also reduces the potential risks of operations. The disadvantage is mainly that buyers in the desired foreign country are usually very careful as they perceive transport, currency, quality and quantity problems. Exporting and Why I have chosen this entry method? I have chosen export method because it is relatively low of cost to enter international market. The organization can also build economies of scale and expand its profits. Implementation on carrying out the project. The project is implemented by considering 4Ps, 1.Product. Selling chain of 19 branded products of Reckitt Benckiser. Consisting household, health and personal care and food. Product mix. The 5 products that are ideal for product mix for consumer needs are: Clearasil, Dettol, Fairy, Gaviscon and Mortein. Product Life Cycle. The products to be export are the rapidly growing consumer products. Therefore their average life cycle is 30 days to 2 years. 2. Positioning. Reckit Benckiser has intentions to position against its competitor. In relation to product attribute. The primary positioning of the products for example Clearasil is that it is the no.1 antibacterial face wash suitable for family. It has the ingredients that its competitors do not have. 3. Pricing. The products are priced at premium to its competitors. There will be discount and allowances for the employees. The shipping cost is also to be considered. 4. Promotion / Distribution. The company should sell the products to the appointed distributors and sub distributors who are responsible for further to deal with the wholesalers or retailers in the chosen country. But it is also known that RB has a facility of intensive distribution methods for products all over the geographical area. The company provides direct delivery to key accounts i.e. USC, METRO AND MAKRO. Each channel has a coverage to supermarkets, general stores etc even in the rural areas. Marketing budget of the company. The current marketing budget of RB allocated to the brand selling is 20% of total net revenue. Gantt Chart. GANTT CHART BY AMAL KHAN. EXPORTING RECKITT BENCKISER PRODUCTS IN PERU. Task Date Date Date Date Date Date Date 15/10/2010 17/10/2010 18/10/2010 21/10/2010 27/10/2010 16/11/2010 17/11/2010 Planning Market- Research. Manufact- uring prod- ucts. Finding establish- ing links in foreign. Negotiation. Packaging. Distribution Transp- ortation.